Name the result

The recap editor does not want a heading called characterName. Write characterName AS speaker and the output column is called speaker. That is all an alias does: it names a column of this result, for this query. Open the schema panel and the table still says characterName. Nothing was renamed.

An expression calculates a column that was never stored. wordCount + 5 AS five_more_words gives 16 for id 1, whose wordCount is 11. Run SELECT wordCount FROM scripts WHERE id = 1 afterwards and you get 11 again. SELECT reads; it never writes. Check an expression against one row you can do in your head, 11 plus 5, before you trust it on 1,905.

SELECT id, characterName AS speaker, wordCount + 5 AS five_more_words
FROM scripts
ORDER BY id
LIMIT 3;

Text joins with ||, not with +. characterName || ' in ' || episodeName AS scene_label gives Rick in Pilot. The single quotes around ' in ' make it a piece of text, spaces included. Leave the quotes off a column name; put them on anything that is literally text.

SELECT characterName || ' in ' || episodeName AS scene_label
FROM scripts
ORDER BY id
LIMIT 5;

Now put quotes where they do not belong: SELECT 'characterName' AS speaker. The engine does not complain. It prints the word characterName on every row, because quoted text is a value, not a column. It ran. That is not the same as being right. When a column repeats one word all the way down, look for quotes that should not be there.