Change the shape, not the facts

ALTER TABLE shops ADD COLUMN manager_name TEXT adds a column to every existing row at once. Each row gets NULL in it, or the DEFAULT if you give one: ALTER TABLE employees ADD COLUMN is_active INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 gives every employee a 1. A NOT NULL column with no DEFAULT is refused, because the existing rows would have nothing to hold, and so is a UNIQUE column: the engine cannot invent distinct values for rows that already exist.

DROP TABLE menu_items_old removes the table and every row in it, in one statement, with no undo. IF EXISTS makes a rerun harmless, which is why build scripts start with DROP TABLE IF EXISTS only when the author means 'start over'. With foreign keys on, a parent table that other tables point at refuses to be dropped: DROP TABLE shops fails while employees and orders reference it. Before you type DROP, say which table must never be dropped and why.

The browser engine is an older SQLite. It can add a column and drop a table. It cannot rename a column or drop one; the desktop SQLite you use for the labs can do both. For anything an ALTER cannot do, such as changing a column's type or adding a constraint to an existing column, the pattern on both engines is the rebuild: create the new table with the right definition, INSERT ... SELECT the rows across, drop the old table, rename the new one.