Practise · Change only what you meant

Opening your saved work…

The reading

Change only what you meant

UPDATE menu_items
SET price = ROUND(price * 1.05, 2)
WHERE category = 'Tea';

Seven rows change. Run the preview's SELECT again to see the new prices. Open in the playground

UPDATE menu_items SET price = ROUND(price * 1.05, 2) WHERE category = 'Tea' raises seven prices. SET takes one or more column = value pairs, and the value can be an expression that uses the row's current values. WHERE picks the rows. Leave the WHERE off and the statement is still valid SQL, it still reports success, and it changes every row in the table. There is no confirmation step. The WHERE is the statement.

Read changes() immediately after. It is the number of rows the last statement touched, seven for the tea raise, 45 for the version without a WHERE. A zero means the WHERE matched nothing, which is a result to notice, not to accept.

An UPDATE has to satisfy every constraint an insert does. Set a price to NULL and the engine refuses: NOT NULL constraint failed, and the row is untouched.

Rule of thumb. An UPDATE without a WHERE changes every row and says nothing. Write the WHERE first.

Change only what you meant · UPDATE ... SET ... WHERE, and changes() · level 1 of 6

One price, one row

Level 1: Watch it answered · Exercise 1 of 1

The Medium House Blend Coffee (id 1) goes from 3.50 to 3.75. Watch the statement, run it, and look at the row.

Data: Northshore Coffee. Every run starts from a fresh copy, so nothing you try here is permanent.

Why it works, clause by clause

UPDATE menu_items: the table.
SET price = 3.75: the column and its new value.
WHERE id = 1: the one row. The id is the safest WHERE there is.

From the reading: Change only what you meant, paragraph 1

I would like help with this exercise

UPDATE menu_items
SET price = 3.75
WHERE id = 1;

Open in the playground

Query results

Run it to see the result here.

Practice here is evidence for you and your instructor, never a grade. Grades live in Canvas.